CLl-PAST-OBJ
16 tu The REFLEXIVE PREFIX Inside the ZULU – An effective TYPOLOGICAL Direction Sonja Elizabeth. Bosch In this post I am going to read the the brand new sources of the reflexive prefix inside Zulu, investing attention into process of grammaticalization where lexemes develop into grammatical formatives. Since the reflexivization in a number of Bantu dialects will be compared, the content will be in the form of an effective typological analysis. From inside the Lehmann s () dialogue of your own phenomena being commonly referred to as reflexive, it is interesting to notice that he assumes on four kinds of reflexives, specifically 0) autophoric nouns that are ordinary nouns particularly body, inhale, spirit, lead you to ple, during the Sanscrit the fresh noun dtman meaning breathing, spirit, along with Basque, this new noun burua definition lead, are used to show the equivalent of English mind. Autophoric nouns utilized due to the fact reflexives are usually accompanied by an excellent possessive pronoun, as with another analogy out-of Vedic: Vedic (1) bdlam dadhana dtmani electricity:acc set:part putting strength into the himself (ii) reflexive nouns which can be nouns expressing the definition self and nothing more, such as the German selbst me and you will Finnish itse because the represented about adopting the advice: 344
17 Italian language (2) Ich komme selbst I’m future myself Finnish (3) Halu-at-ko lipu-t itse-lle-si? want-dos.sg-int citation-acc.pl care about-all-poss.2.sg Do you need the seats for your self? Within the languages like Finnish, Hungarian and you can Turkish reflexive nouns simply take possessive affixes, during almost every other languages eg German and/or Romance languages, these types of nouns are not generally speaking in addition to possessive pronouns. (iii) reflexive pronouns having the primary aim of it comes down back once again to the subject, including the German sich from inside the: German (4) Sie waschen sich They are laundry on their own (iv) spoken reflexives which can be verb affixes exhibiting the action somehow influences the subject, such as another examples: Swahili (5) a-li-ji-ona SBJ.REFL-see he watched himself Turkish (6) focuk yika-n-di guy wash-refl-through the man sparkling himself Lehmann () stresses that limitations between your groups was water and you will says why these four categories of reflexive elements are now towards the a scale out of expanding grammaticalization.
In other words, one can come across it given that an effective continuum from transform that will become depicted as follows: 345
18 Lexical product Grammatical * morpheme Lehmann (ff) brings instances in numerous languages so you can show the alterations that have occurred or are taking place from 1 class to the next. The process of change try verified by Faltz () whom, regarding their morphological difference in several head type of reflexives, particularly NP-reflexives that could consist of a nominal morpheme becoming head of one’s reflexive noun keywords, and you will spoken reflexives, including reflexive pronouns being cliticized onto the verb, remarks: Dialects get go from one to pole toward other, in reality, like path try https://datingranking.net/pl/heated-affairs-recenzja/ fundamentally on NP-reflexive rod to your spoken reflexive pole. In Zulu reflexiveness is understood in the shape of a great prefix and that directly precedes the latest verb base. The fresh new reflexive prefix was invariable fit, and therefore it is a great morphological figure and this remains constant irrespective of the class that its antecedent belongs. That is obviously portrayed about adopting the instances in the Zulu: (7a) Umfana wazishaya the fresh-boy the guy-themselves strike the guy hit himself (7b) Intombazane izibona esibukwini this new-lady she-herself-find in-reflect The lady sees by herself regarding the mirror On these examples -zi- ‘s the reflexive morpheme as well as the procedures off hit to check out are led right back through to new respective grammatical subjects, that’s, guy and you can girl. It is fascinating one inside generative training, a significant sense is created into the underlying build regarding phrases with which has reflexives, specifically NP1 – V – NP1. At first glance, instance a homes are ungrammatical about Bantu languages whether your two NPs is co-referential and you may similar fit, age.g. (8) *USipho wakhohlisa usipho * Sipho duped Sipho In the Zulu such a sentence is established grammatical of the installation away from an effective reflexive prefix on verb and the brand new deletion of your own co-referential noun. e.grams. 346