This new semantic recommendations that is of goods neighbors inside the the fresh lexicon does not, to put it differently, incorporate a specs away from sex; next-door neighbor are unclear (or general, or unspecified) about what dimensions regarding intercourse
Polysemy is the common title into state in which an excellent lexical goods keeps more than one definition, eg whenever late often means ‘adopting the usual, questioned, otherwise assented time’ (I’m later once again), ‘advanced when you look at the day otherwise night’ (a late dining), otherwise ‘don’t alive’ (my personal later cousin Polly). Terminologically talking, polysemy should be in comparison with homonymy and you can, more to the point, vagueness. When one or two (or maybe more) words have a similar figure, for example lender (‘slope, height in the sea otherwise lake bed’) and you will bank (‘economic institution’), they are homonyms; while polysemy refers to multiplicity out-of meaning within a single phrase, the latest multiplicity is sent more various terms regarding homonymy. Therefore, to make a distinction ranging from polysemy and you may homonymy relates to deciding whether we’re talking about you to definitely plus the exact same term or which have two different ones. New distinction between vagueness and you may polysemy requires the matter of whether a specific piece of semantic info is part of the underlying semantic design of one’s item or perhaps is the result of a great contextual (and hence pragmatic) requirements. As an instance, neighbor isn’t polysemous involving the readings ‘men dweller 2nd door’ and ‘women dweller nearby,’ in the sense that the utterance my personal next-door neighbor try a great municipal servant are not named demanding disambiguation regarding the way that she is smart you are going to (Do you really mean ‘bright’ otherwise ‘stylish’?).
To determine between polysemy and you can vagueness, a lot of screening shall be invoked. The 3 main of them would be the following the. Earliest, out-of a truth-theoretical views, a beneficial lexical items are polysemous whether or not it can also be while doing so end up being demonstrably correct and you may clearly false of the same referent. Because of the indication ‘harbor’ and you will ‘strengthened sweet wines out-of Portugal’ out of port, the fresh new polysemy of this items is established from the phrases including Sandeman try a port (inside the a bottle), but not a port (with ships). It traditional generally catches a great semantic intuition: are a couple of perceptions off a given term naturally sufficiently dissimilar very that one can end up being considered incorporate and other maybe not?
Especially, they are centered on acceptability judgments regarding the sentences that contain two relevant incidents of product at issue (certainly one of hence matical relationships between both occurrences need its semantic term, the fresh new ensuing sentence is an indication towards polysemy off the item
Second, linguistic screening encompass syntactic in place of semantic intuitions. Such as, this new so-entitled title attempt comes to ‘identity-of-sense anaphora.’ For this reason, at midnight brand new vessel introduced new port, thereby performed the newest bartender try uncomfortable if the a couple of lexical meanings from port is located at share. Ignoring puns, it will merely indicate that this new boat therefore the bartender the same enacted this new harbor, or conversely you to definitely both moved a particular variety of wines regarding you to destination to various other. A combined reading, where in fact the basic thickness of port refers to the harbor together with second so you’re able to drink, is often excluded. By comparison, the truth that the fresh notions ‘antique nice wines out of Portugal’ and you may ‘mixed sweet wines off Portugal’ would be mutual during the Antique Noval are a port, and therefore try blended Sandeman suggests that port are vague instead than polysemous regarding the new distinction between combined and you may vintage wine.
3rd, the fresh new definitional standards specifies that a product or service keeps several lexical definition if you have zero minimally certain definition since the expansion of one’s product overall, and this does not have any so much more lexical meanings than simply you can find maximally standard significance had a need to establish their extension. Significance from lexical facts can be maximally standard in the sense which they will be defense since highest a good subset of one’s extension out of something you could. Hence, independent definitions getting ‘blended nice fortified wine regarding Portugal’ and ‘vintage nice fortified wines away from Portugal’ cannot meet the requirements meanings from lexical significance, as they can feel delivered with her within the definition ‘sweet fortified wines out of A holiday in greece.’ In addition, meanings is going to be minimally certain in the sense that they is always to be adequate to identify the object from other nonsynonymous circumstances. A www.datingranking.net/cs/okcupid-recenze good maximally general definition layer one another vent ‘harbor’ and you will port ‘sort of wine’ in definition ‘procedure, entity’ is actually omitted because does not just take the specificity away from vent given that unlike other conditions.